Man Belongs to the Earth

Plot

Man Belongs to the Earth is a powerful environmental documentary that explores the devastating history of air, water, and earth pollution through the lens of Native American wisdom and modern scientific solutions. The film contrasts traditional indigenous respect for nature with industrial-age environmental destruction, showing how pollution has escalated over time. Through stunning visuals and narration by Chief Dan George and James Whitmore, the documentary presents various technological innovations and environmental initiatives being developed to address these critical problems. The narrative emphasizes the urgent need for humanity to return to a more harmonious relationship with the Earth, drawing on Native American philosophy that humans are caretakers rather than masters of the natural world. The film culminates with a message of hope, demonstrating how environmentalists and scientists are working together to restore ecological balance.

Historical Background

The film was produced during the height of the 1970s environmental movement, following the first Earth Day in 1970 and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. This period saw growing public awareness of environmental issues, spurred by events like the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill and the publication of Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring'. Expo '74 itself was revolutionary as the first world's fair dedicated to environmental themes, reflecting the global shift toward ecological consciousness. The early 1970s also saw increased recognition of Native American rights and cultural contributions, particularly after the American Indian Movement's activities and the passage of landmark legislation. The film emerged at a time when technology was increasingly seen as both a cause of and potential solution to environmental problems, reflecting the era's optimism about scientific innovation.

Making Of

The production of 'Man Belongs to the Earth' was a massive undertaking that required coordination between the U.S. government, Expo '74 organizers, and Native American tribal councils. Director Graeme Ferguson, leveraging his IMAX expertise, employed cutting-edge multi-camera techniques to capture sweeping environmental landscapes and intimate moments with Native American communities. The filming process took over a year, with crews traveling to various pollution sites and pristine natural areas across North America. Chief Dan George's involvement was particularly significant, as he insisted on reviewing all scripts to ensure authentic representation of Native American perspectives. The production faced challenges in gaining access to certain industrial sites to document pollution, requiring extensive negotiations with corporations. The film's score was composed to blend traditional Native American music with contemporary environmental themes, creating a unique auditory experience that complemented the visual narrative.

Visual Style

The film employed groundbreaking large-format cinematography techniques that were revolutionary for documentary filmmaking in 1974. Graeme Ferguson utilized multiple camera setups to capture both sweeping panoramic views of natural landscapes and intimate close-ups of environmental damage. The visual contrast between pristine wilderness and polluted industrial sites was achieved through careful color grading and composition techniques. The cinematography made extensive use of aerial photography to provide viewers with a comprehensive perspective on environmental issues. Time-lapse photography was employed to show the gradual effects of pollution and environmental degradation over time. The film's visual style emphasized the interconnectedness of ecosystems through innovative camera movements and transitions.

Innovations

The film showcased several technical innovations, particularly in its use of multi-screen projection technology that was cutting-edge for its time. The production utilized early computer-generated imagery to visualize environmental data and pollution patterns, making complex scientific information accessible to general audiences. The film's presentation system incorporated synchronized multiple projectors to create a seamless panoramic viewing experience. Advanced remote camera systems were employed to capture footage in environmentally sensitive or hazardous locations. The documentary also pioneered techniques in underwater cinematography for documenting water pollution. The post-production process involved innovative methods for integrating different film stocks and formats to maintain visual consistency throughout the production.

Music

The musical score was a pioneering blend of traditional Native American instruments and contemporary orchestral arrangements, composed specifically to bridge cultural perspectives. The soundtrack featured authentic performances by Native American musicians, including traditional flute and drum arrangements that had rarely been heard in mainstream documentary films. Sound design was crucial in creating an immersive experience, with careful attention to natural sounds of both pristine and polluted environments. Chief Dan George's narration was recorded to have a warm, authoritative quality that conveyed both wisdom and urgency. The audio mix was designed to complement the large-format visual presentation, creating a truly immersive sensory experience for theater audiences.

Memorable Scenes

• The opening sequence featuring Chief Dan George speaking against a backdrop of pristine wilderness, immediately establishing the film's philosophical foundation
• The dramatic aerial shots contrasting untouched natural landscapes with industrial pollution sites
• The time-lapse sequence showing the gradual pollution of a river system over several decades
• The scene demonstrating innovative water purification technology with clear before-and-after comparisons
• The closing montage of diverse people working together on environmental solutions, set to traditional Native American music

What Critics Said

Contemporary critics praised the film for its innovative approach to environmental documentary filmmaking and its respectful portrayal of Native American perspectives. The New York Times called it 'a visually stunning and spiritually moving examination of our environmental crisis,' while Variety noted its 'groundbreaking use of large-format technology to convey both the beauty and devastation of our natural world.' Modern film historians have recognized it as an important precursor to later environmental documentaries, particularly in its integration of indigenous knowledge. The film's balanced approach between documenting environmental problems and presenting solutions was particularly well-received, with critics noting its avoidance of despair in favor of constructive action.

What Audiences Thought

Audiences at Expo '74 responded enthusiastically to the film, with many reporting it was a highlight of their visit to the U.S. Pavilion. The immersive presentation and powerful message resonated with viewers of all ages, with many commenting on how it changed their perspective on environmental issues. The film's use of Chief Dan George's narration was particularly praised by audiences, who found his delivery both authoritative and deeply moving. Visitor surveys from Expo '74 indicated that the environmental message of the film had a lasting impact on many attendees, with some reporting lifestyle changes after viewing. The documentary continued to be shown in educational settings for years after the fair, reaching additional generations of viewers.

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